Volume 13, Issue 1S
- Issue published: 03 December 2017
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O vztahu mezi populární kulturou a politikou: případ kinematograf
Martin Charvát, p. 11–29
Abstract: The text is concerned with the relation between the cinematography (as popular culture) and politics in Czechoslovakian philosophical and media discourse during the 20s and 30s. The main part of the text focuses on the comparation between the presented relationship between cinema and politics in German thought and in Czechoslovakian thought.
Keywords: cinema, popular culture, art, media studies, politics
Citace a aluze: odkazy na popkulturní produkty v současném politickém diskurzu
Eva Niklesová, p. 31–44
Abstract: The text is concerned with the relations between the politics and the popculture in the post‑modern online journalism. Focus is directed towards the ways of using the explicit and implied intertextual linking as a tool of possible establishing the agenda in relation to celebritization, visualization and entertainization of the current politics. The complexity of relations among the post‑modern politics, pop culture, intertextuality and manipulation is illustrated by the specific examples of the contemporary Czech mediated political discourse.
Keywords: mediated political discourse, popular culture, post‑modernism, intertextuality, allusion, quotation, politainment, entertainment
Stručné dějiny politické karikatury v novinách
Jan Cebe, p. 45–57
Abstract: Caricature as a specific type of imaging which highlights certain features that describes the properties of a living or non living model is undoubtedly as old as human society itself. In its modern form caricature was developed during the late Renaissancein Italy. As a part of the political struggle caricature played its role in the period of Reformation. With the development of periodicals then the role of caricature as critical tool of the internal and external political and social conditions still intensified. The development of political caricature accelerated in the periods of dramatic social changes, especially the revolutions and wars. Political caricature in the magazines reached its peak of popularity in the revolutions of the 19th century. For the mass use of political caricature in the means of propaganda, the turning point then undoubtedly was the period of the first World War.
Keywords: caricature, politics, propaganda, media, July Revolution, WWI
Publicistická reflexe bulvární žurnalistiky v meziválečném období: od Josefa Holouška k anketě Prager Presse
Jan Jirák a Barbara Köpplová, p. 59–74
Abstract: However the first attempts to establish sensational press in Czech language can be tracked down to 1910s, the real boom of sensational papers (“bulvar“ in Czech) took place in 1920s and 1930s. In two decades between WWI and WWII the sensational papers became integral part of public and political life of Czech society – and as a new cultural phenomenon and public communication mean attracted attention and raised fears in political level (for instance in the sphere of legal acts), as well as journalistic one. Our contribution tries to cover conceptual and moral basis of journalistic reflection of the development of sensational press in Czech language. The genre variety of these reflections covers a wide field from fictional narrative (a short story Skandální aféra Josefa Holouška, written by Karel Čapek), to the set of public statements on sensational papers published in Prager Presse daily (with a number of reactions, including the articles in media sociology revue Duch novin). The reflections on sensational presscan be found also in cabaret and drama (for instance those of Osvobozené divadlo) and last but not least in publishing Příšerný večerník weekly, the unique parody on Czech sensational press. The common feature of these reflections is a critical approach to manipulative practice of this type of press, its involvement in political communication and struggle and poor and emptied language.
Keywords: mass media, sensational press, Prager Pesse, Příšerný večerník, Skandální aféra Josefa Holouška, Duch novin
Karikatura v českých médiích, česká média v karikatuře 1918–1968
Jan Cebe, p. 75–89
Abstract: A newspaper caricature on Czech territory has strong tradition since the mid-19th century, with rising of the first Czech written satirical magazines, published on the French and German examples. With the expansion of daily newspapers in the period of the 1st Republic (especially) political cartoon formed a standard part of the home and foreign news service and also becomes a standard part of the political struggle. In the 30’s mainly left wing newspaper caricature adopted a warning tone in the context of the emerging dangers of Nazism. In the Protectorate, caricature ceased tobe a critical tool and became a part of Nazi propaganda. After a brief post war period, when a newspaper caricature became part of the struggle between political parties within the National Front, it again begun to play the role of promoter of the only correct ideology – this time it was communism. This dogmatic view is briefly but intensely disturbed by the period of the so called Prague Spring, when a newspaper caricature again became a tool of internal critics of the regime, including its intervention in the field of media.
Keywords: newspapers, caricature, Czechoslovakia, 1st Republic, Protectorate, Prague Spring
Dítě jako rukojmí budoucnosti aned Nevědomé metafory v dobové kritice časopisů pro děti a mládež
Štefan Švec, p. 91–99
Abstract: The article describes five of the most common metaphors used in the Czech language reflections on children periodicals in the past 100 years. The metaphors like Cinderella, Resurrection, Golem, a Pet and Potential God represent some of the basic principles of thinking about literature, art and culture for children in common. The subconscious, or semiconscious use of these metaphors provides number of critics a basic frame for their judgements. Children periodicals have a very important place in evolution of media, literature, art and pedagogy. Their reflections in the past decades area less known part of the Czech literary criticism history. The study describes some of the basic figures and principles of this half‑forgotten part of the Czech intellectual heritage.
Keywords: children magazines, metaphor, literary criticism
Josef Škvorecký: popularizátor populární kultury
Jan Děkanovský, p. 101–120
Abstract: This paper maps the work of writer Josef Škvorecký. Through his writing, the Czechoslovak public in the fifties and sixties of the 20th century familiarised itself with specific products of popular culture. As an essayist, translator of Anglo‑American fiction and author of epilogues, Škvorecký created remarkable legacy reflecting notonly the issues of genre literature, but also popular culture in the broader sense. His texts, published in books as well as periodicals, contributed to the general knowledge of contemporary popular culture, despite the fact that the author was significantly limited by the ideological constraints in effect at that time. These restrictions are reflected throughout his texts in the form of imposed attitudes and formulations that may sound ambiguous and sometimes even subversive when read carefully. Škvorecký devoted himself to three core areas of popular culture: comics, science fiction literature and detective stories.
Keywords: popular culture, literary genres, comics, science fiction, detective stories
Jazyk mediální zábavy v zorném poli pražské funkční stylistiky, jejích pokračovatelů a teoretiků médií
Jiří Kraus, p. 121–132
Abstract: In the interwar period, since the year of 1926, the leading members of the Prague Linguistic Circle (PLC) Vilém Mathesius, Bohuslav Havránek, Roman Jakobson etc. developed a model of structural stylistics, drawing on the functional nature of language signs. They presented their program in the Thesis of PLC (1929) and soon after it in a volume Literary Czech and language culture (1932). The Prague functional theory was based on Karl Bűhler’s triangle model of language functions originated in the system of three verbal persons – expressive (the author’s feelings and attitudes), appellative (suggestive, persuasive) and referential (designative). Correspondingly, Bohuslav Havránek suggested the following set of language functions and functional languages:(a) function of everyday communication – currently used, conversational language, (b) technological function – technical and administrative language (in later classificationsthe language of Journalism as well), (c) theoretical function – the language of science and (d) poetic, aesthetic function – language of poetry, literary fiction (later minutiously analysed by Jan Mukařovský). In the fifties Roman Jakobson elaborated his model of communication with its six factors – addresser, message, addressee, contact, contextand code and corresponding language functions – emotive, poetic, phatic („empty“ conversation establishing and maintaining contact), conative (persuasive), referential and metalingual. According to the last work of M. McLuhan Laws of Media all these theories as well as the innovations of their followers, criticists and authors of other conceptions (Riffaterre, authors of Rhétorique générale, Lasswell, Wright etc.) need to be re‑examinedin the light of our current digital era and its means of communication. E. g. the phatic function has become dominant due to today’s cyberspace with a vastnumber of various data and addressees. The informations of different value (or without any value) are disseminated through sites and hyperlinks, smartphones screens etc, paraphrazed and easily plagiarized. The media lost their originally serious characterand exclusively referential function, in modern liberál society (by some sociologists called „funny“, carnival society) infinite irony is viewed as universal paradigm.
Keywords: functional stylistics, functional languages, Prague linguistic circle, media, popular culture, irony, interpretive community
Dovolená v Protektorátu. Historická reality TV a její diváci
Markéta Škodová, p. 133–142
Abstract: The arcticle introduces topic of historical reality or living history TV that combines elements of historical documentary with reality television’s approach. In addition, it makes brief comments about essays and studies in historical reality theory and audience research. It also desrcibes on the example of the Dovolená v Protektorátu (Holiday in Protectorate) tv docusoap how the genre was represented in the Czech Republic in 2015 and what conclusions were reached based on the analysis of electronic audience measurement research that provides television audience data of the representative sample of households in the Czech Republic. Finally, the paper argues with spontaneous statements of the viewers of the programme by taking part in the so called diary research. The members of audience gave both positive and negative feedback on the show produced by Česká televize (Czech Television).
Keywords: historical reality tv, audience research, Dovolená v Protektorátu, Holiday in Protectorate
Když hrají dury a molly, vypínáme aparát. Diskuze o hudebním programu Radiojournalu v druhé polovině třicátých let
Jakub Machek, p. 143–158
Abstract: The first two decades of the broadcasting of the Czechoslovak radio station Radiojournal raised a wave of a displeasure with its musical selection. The public debate was based on the question, whether the prevalently state owned radio station should broadcast mostly classical music to educate listeners or whether it should entertain them by playing popular music, as the majority of license payers demanded. Three main discourses are analysed – (1) the elite discourse promoting an edification of masses by listening to the complex musical structures; (2) the populist discourse claiming a popular musical entertainment for relaxing workers, farmers, traders and craftsmen and (3) the compromise discourse of Radiojournal editors.
Keywords: Radiojournal, musical selection, classical music, popular music, Schlagermusic, entertainment, education, interwar Czechoslovakia, 1930s
Vkus obecenstva tříbiti a pozvedati. Umělecká beseda a formování české vysoké kultury v druhé polovině 19. století
Tomáš Kavka, p. 159–168
Abstract: This article deals with the formation of the high culture in the Czech national movement at the second half of the 19th century. We argue that high culture has created public space supporting complexity of the Czech national movement as well as its competitiveness comparing to the other national movements in Europe. The centre for the Czech national high culture was established in Prague voluntary society Umělecká beseda in 1863. There the Czech high culture was stratified into three divisions (music, fine arts and literature) with the aim to build its national member structure and attract maecenases to Umělecká beseda. Afterwards the author also tried to define the right artworks for the purpose of fulfilling the Czech art with the concrete material. We focus on two ways of the construction of the art field and its heroes for the national movement.The first is the process of the national mythologisation of the sculpturer Václav Levý, the second is the conflict for the national musical style that is demonstrated on so called Fight for Smetana containing effort to exclude composer Bedřich Smetana and his works out from the body of nation.
Keywords: high culture, social stratification, 19th century, Czech national movement, fine arts, music, voluntary society Umělecká beseda
Obraz prvních zahraničních bulvárních novin v českém dobovém tisku
Jana Dorčáková, p. 169–177
Abstract: The paper focuses on the Czech media and its reactions towards the formation of the foreign tabloid press in the period between 1833 – 1918. Although there is a lack of evidence, the articles are highely positive when describing the changes on the foreign newspaper market. In general, we can find in the studied articles four ways of speaking about foreign tabloids: the change, that they have brought to the newspaper market – newspapers as the business and not as an ideological tribune; the curious stories about its development and its coming to the market; the information about extent of circulation, technological devices and range of business; and at last the stories about newspaper owners becoming wealthy thanks to their tabloid businesses. In comparison with Czech tabloids the articles tend to consider the foreign tabloid papers better, mostly using the term good tabloid press; while Czech tabloids are referred to as worse.
Keywords: tabloid press, foreign tabloid press, reception of foreign tabloid press