Issue published: 31 July 2016

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Formovanie strategickej kultúry Európskej únie ako východiskový faktor spolupráce štátov v oblasti bezpečnosti

Jaroslav Ušiak, p. 9–30

Abstract: Most authors in the theory of political science and international relations define the comparison of doctrines as a tool of possible cooperation. The official doctrine of foreign and security policy thus consists of a set of documents adopted by state agencies, parliamentary institutions. In addition, it includes the official formulation of the objectives, instruments and institutions which will carry out these plans. In the last twenty years doctrines are being replaced by policies. Therefore, rigid concepts previously setby doctrines are currently missing and we are left with more or less vague ideological trends and paradigms, which should be seen as a background concepts that will form the basis for the future strategies, whether they be on national level or those formed within international organizations, such as the European Union, which will create the security policies of its Member States. The Legal analysis of strategic cultural offers this option. In the presented study we will attempt the application of the concept of strategic culture on the level of an international organization – the European Union, through case study which defines the essential precondition of the strategic culture onthe European continent (focusing in particular on the period of the 20^th century). Hence, these assumptions had not only created a basis for forming a common starting points for the European Union as it stands currently, they have formed the base on which the cooperation between these countries in the field of security stands. On the European continent the strategic culture has been determined by different historical experiences of states and peoples, further by the collective memory and narratives of individual states. This regional aggregate concept of strategic culture is more comprehensive it covers the objectives of the use of force (by the state), the national preferences for cooperation and in addition it is authorized on domestic as well as international level. Specifically these assumptions create a comprehensive framework enabling as to look at present and future cooperation between the Member States of the European Union in the field of security.

Keywords: strategic culture, European Union, NATO, security policy, security environment, security

Sociální predispozice k politickému radikalismu ve státech Evropské unie jako bezpečnostní hrozba

Štěpán Strnad, p. 31–48

Abstract: Recent election results in particular national states of the Europe Union can signalize increasing measurement of inclination of a part of European population to far‑right ideas and orientation, not only through election preferences, but also in general social atmosphere, which signify strengthening importance of some social phenomenon, as authoritarianism, nationalism or social chauvinism. That trend has a potential of latent threat of social radicalization, which is starting to be manifested by rapid change of national values, including principles of ethnic tolerance, mutual civic trust or trust in social and political institutions. Public opinion, prejudice, nationalist, chauvinist or anti‑establish oriented (besides populist, nationalist and anti‑immigrant parties), create a pressure on mainstream political parties, which absorb these social demands into own political agenda to support own election preferences, and they shift themselves in certain political program points closely to radical stands. The aim of article is to reflect current situation (in recent five years) of above mentioned phenomenon in European societies (EU 28), which could present serious threat of social radicalization and have a potential lead to political destabilization of state regimes. Initial instrument for the reflection of social radicalization measurement is DEREX index, based on analyzing of two social axes – value judgements and public morale – which are further divided to spheres as prejudice, social chauvinism, far‑right values, anti‑establishment stands, fear, distrust and pessimism.

Keywords: political radicalism, social predispositions, prejudices, anti‑establishment attitudes, economic deprivation, far right

Obrazy ne‑bezpečnosti v projevech slovenských politiků

Vladimír Naxera a Petr Krčál, p. 49–61

Abstract: Following article focuses on the interpretation of communal celebrations of Slovak National Uprising in Banská Bystrica. The main goal of our paper is to interpret this occasion in the intentions of Goffman’s dramaturgical analysis methodological approach. And thus is our article divided into two main parts. In the first one, we are concerned with characteristics of our methodological tools. The second one stands as analysis of speeches and acts of participating political elites.

Keywords: dramaturgical analysis, Fico, insecurity, migration, nation, security, Slovak National Uprising, Slovakia

Vnitřní bezpečnost EU: slovinské zapojení – nutnost nebo příležitost?

Hana Hlaváčková 63–88

Abstract: Migration, organized crime and terrorism are external threats to European Union and to its internal security. States on external borders are obliged to secure the border against incoming threats. Slovenia is one of these countries since 2004 and 2007 respectively. It lies on a known route of organized crime and migration, Balkan route.Through it is coming huge number of illegal migrants and refugees in 2015. Main aim of this article is to show what Slovenia play in securing the border, what role is created by Slovenian elites. The author through role theory shows the discourse about migration.

Keywords: EU, Slovenia, role theory, internal and external security, balkan route

Migrační politika EU jako nedokonalý příklad top‑down europeizace

Helena Bauerová 89–113

Abstract: Currently EU migration policy is among the most current topics of the European integration process. Now, the EU is facing a huge wave of migration and looks for ways to overcome it. Cooperation in the field of migration policy underwent a fundamental development. Purely intergovernmental cooperation has become a transnational politics in 1999, resp. shared policy after 2009. The EU is a regional organization that manages important areas affecting national sovereignty in the area of migration, asylum and visa policy. The text of the article is based on one of the following research questions. Why EU migration policy is failing? Why Member States revert to their own solutions and control of migration flows? Is extrateritorialization migration policy an effective preventive tool? From a theoretical point of view the text is based on the theory of Europeanization. Europeanization is seen as a top down process in which the EU implements legislative measures and those Member States practicing. The main objective of the analysis is to show the extent to which the EU has managed to harmonize immigration, asylum and visa policy.

Keywords: EU migration policy, europeanization, migration crises, extrateritorialization

RECENZE

Jaroslav Bílek: Dvacet let komunálních voleb v ČR

Ladislav Cabada: O (kvazi)náboženské povaze totalitních ideologií