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Abstract The ‘liberal world order’ can be considered as an historic exception in the history of ‘realist anarchy’ of international relations. This exception is the result of many factors and it has been significantly influenced by the power of the United States. Thus, the agenda of the world order can...

Abstract Although Poland’s energy mix is becoming ‘greener’ each year, the country’s energy production is still dominated by coal. This affects several important spheres: financial, socioeconomic and political. Therefore, the aim of the article is to explain Poland’s response to adaptational pressure...

Abstract In the early 2020s we live in the transition period between two world systems, the Old World Order (OWO) and the New World Order (NWO), in a deep ‘polycrisis’.Therefore, the term transformation has recently appeared in official EU documents as well as in political science literature. The transition...

Abstract The successes of right‑wing populist parties in Central and Eastern Europe, as well as a repeated distancing from the European Union, raise the question of whether there is such a thing as European citizenship at all. Citizenship is not understood as formal nationality, but as a sense of belonging....

Abstract Peripheralisation is determined in socio‑demographic, economic, political and identitarian factors. It is, many say, by definition, characterised by a willingness to migrate, in particular among the younger generations. European citizenship comes with the right to migrate – to relocate, to...

Abstract This paper examines how regional contextual factors influence Eurosceptic voting in Eastern Central and Western Europe. It employs a theoretical framework of multidimensional regional periphery and relative deprivation to explore how economic, spatial and demographic factors can generate collective...

Abstract The question of whether there is increasing social integration among EU citizens in Europe as a spill‑over effect of the ongoing process of system integration, as expected by utilitarian perspectives on integration, has been discussed in many contributions so far. In particular, the question...